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Related Concept Videos

Adrenal Gland Disorders01:27

Adrenal Gland Disorders

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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...
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Hormones of the Adrenal Glands01:31

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Adrenal hormones play a pivotal role in maintaining the body's electrolyte balance and orchestrating responses to stress, showcasing the intricate functions of the adrenal cortex and medulla.
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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
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Adrenergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:30

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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
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Allergies and...
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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling
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Pediatric adrenocortical tumours.

Emilia Modolo Pinto1, Gerard P Zambetti1, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo1

  • 1St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

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|July 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare pediatric cancers. Complete surgical removal offers the best cure, with younger age and smaller tumors improving outcomes.

Keywords:
11p15TP53adrenalcarcinomapediatric

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Childhood adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are rare, accounting for ~0.2% of pediatric cancers.
  • Incidence varies globally, with higher rates in Southern Brazil.
  • Most pediatric ACT patients present with virilization or Cushing syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on pediatric ACT.
  • To highlight key clinical and genetic features.
  • To discuss treatment and prognostic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric ACT.
  • Analysis of clinical presentation, genetics, and treatment outcomes.
  • Identification of prognostic indicators.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric ACT is associated with TP53 mutations or chromosome 11p abnormalities.
  • Complete tumor resection is the primary curative treatment.
  • Favorable prognostic factors include young age, small tumor size, virilization, and adenoma histology.

Conclusions:

  • Complete surgical resection is crucial for cure in pediatric ACT.
  • Further research is needed to understand ACT pathogenesis and optimize treatment.
  • Prospective studies are essential for improving patient outcomes.