Human Paramyxovirus Infections Induce T Cells That Cross-React with Zoonotic Henipaviruses
Rory D de Vries1, Alwin de Jong1, R Joyce Verburgh1
1Erasmus MC, Department of Viroscience, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Mbio
|July 9, 2020
Summary
Common paramyxovirus infections in humans can generate cross-reactive T cells. These T cells may offer partial protection against the deadly Nipah virus, depending on HLA type and infection history.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Virology
- Public Health
Background:
- Humans are frequently exposed to various paramyxoviruses early in life.
- Paramyxovirus infections induce cytotoxic T cells that can recognize conserved epitopes.
- The potential for cross-protection against zoonotic Nipah virus by antecedent paramyxovirus infections remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate whether T cells primed by common paramyxovirus infections can cross-react with Nipah virus.
- To identify conserved T cell epitopes within the paramyxovirus family that may confer cross-protection.
- To assess the protective capacity of these cross-reactive T cells against Nipah virus infection.
Main Methods:
- Characterization of measles virus-specific and cross-reactive human T cell clones.
- Identification of HLA-B*1501-restricted T cell epitopes in the fusion protein.
- Isolation and functional analysis of parainfluenza virus-specific T cell clones using peptides, tetramers, and single-cell sorting.
- Assessment of T cell-mediated clearance of Nipah virus-infected cells.
Main Results:
- A conserved HLA-B*1501-restricted T cell epitope in the fusion protein was identified.
- Both measles virus-specific and parainfluenza virus-specific T cell clones demonstrated the ability to clear Nipah virus-infected cells.
- Multiple conserved regions (hot spots) in paramyxovirus proteomes with potential for cross-reactive epitopes were identified.
Conclusions:
- Cross-reactive T cells, induced by antecedent paramyxovirus infections, may provide partial protection against Nipah virus.
- Immunity to zoonotic paramyxoviruses like Nipah virus is influenced by the combination of paramyxovirus infection history and an individual's HLA haplotype.
- Further research is needed to explore the impact of boosting these cross-reactive epitopes in the context of paramyxovirus vaccination strategies.
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