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Staphylococcus aureus Lipase 1 Enhances Influenza A Virus Replication.

Mariya I Goncheva1, Carina Conceicao1, Stephen W Tuffs1

  • 1The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom.

Mbio
|July 9, 2020
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Summary

Staphylococcus aureus lipase 1, a secreted protein, enhances influenza A virus (IAV) replication by promoting virus budding. This discovery may help increase influenza vaccine production to address global shortages.

Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureusinfluenzainfluenza vaccineslipasepathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Influenza A virus (IAV) causes significant annual epidemics and pandemics.
  • Secondary bacterial coinfections, particularly with Staphylococcus aureus, complicate IAV infections, increasing morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding host-pathogen interactions is crucial for developing effective treatments and vaccines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify bacterial factors from Staphylococcus aureus that influence influenza A virus replication.
  • To investigate the mechanism by which Staphylococcus aureus lipase 1 affects IAV.
  • To explore the potential of lipase 1 in enhancing influenza vaccine production.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro replication assays using primary human lung fibroblasts.
  • Enzymatic activity assays to determine lipase 1's functional role.
  • In vivo infection models using embryonated hen's eggs.

Main Results:

  • Staphylococcus aureus secreted protein lipase 1 was identified as enhancing IAV replication.
  • Lipase 1's proviral activity is dependent on its enzymatic function and acts late in the viral life cycle, specifically by modulating virus budding.
  • Lipase 1 significantly increased IAV yield in vivo, with a 5-fold enhancement observed for a vaccine strain.

Conclusions:

  • Lipase 1 is the first identified Staphylococcus aureus protein that enhances IAV replication.
  • The mechanism involves the positive modulation of virus budding, increasing viral infectivity.
  • This finding suggests a potential role for lipase 1 in IAV-bacterial coinfections and offers a novel strategy for boosting influenza vaccine yields.