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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Calibrated Passive Sampling - Multi-plot Field Measurements of NH3 Emissions with a Combination of Dynamic Tube Method and Passive Samplers
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South Philadelphia passive sampler and sensor study.

Eben D Thoma1, Halley L Brantley1,2, Karen D Oliver3

  • 1U.S. EPA, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Managment Research Laboratory, Durham, NC, USA.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|July 9, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Benzene levels near refineries in South Philadelphia were significantly higher than in distant communities. This multiyear study used passive samplers and advanced sensors to map air quality and identify emission sources.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Air Quality Monitoring
  • Industrial Emissions

Background:

  • Refinery operations can release volatile organic compounds like benzene into surrounding communities.
  • Accurate monitoring of benzene concentrations is crucial for assessing public health risks and environmental impact.
  • Existing monitoring methods may have limitations in capturing short-term variations and spatial gradients of pollutants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess benzene concentrations near a refinery fenceline and in nearby communities using passive sampling.
  • To compare benzene levels at different distances from industrial facilities.
  • To evaluate the utility of passive samplers and complementary time-resolved sensors for air quality assessment.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted 41 passive sampler deployments over 2-week periods at 17 sites in South Philadelphia.
  • Utilized co-deployed duplicate passive samplers to assess precision.
  • Employed prototype fenceline sensors and an open-path ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectrometer for time-resolved measurements.

Main Results:

  • Benzene concentrations were significantly higher near the refinery fenceline (mean 1.22 ppbv) compared to distant communities (mean 0.29 ppbv).
  • A statistically significant decreasing gradient of benzene concentrations was observed with increasing distance from the facilities.
  • Passive sampler precision was good, with an average percent difference of 1.5% between duplicate pairs.

Conclusions:

  • A modified EPA passive sampler method, combined with time-resolved measurements, effectively informed benzene concentrations near industrial facilities and in communities.
  • This integrated approach aids facilities in identifying and mitigating fugitive emissions.
  • Improved air quality information in complex airsheds can be achieved through combined measurement strategies.