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COVID-19 in Children: An Ample Review

Ioana M Ciuca1

  • 1Pediatric Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Pediatric Pulmonology Unit, Clinical County Hospital, Timisoara, Romania.

Risk Management and Healthcare Policy
|July 9, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children presents with milder symptoms and a better prognosis than in adults. However, children can be asymptomatic carriers, and specific clinical features and imaging findings are noted.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic.
  • Understanding COVID-19 in pediatric populations is crucial for disease management and public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on COVID-19 in children.
  • To analyze epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory aspects of pediatric COVID-19.
  • To summarize disease course, treatment, and prognosis in children.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive literature search for papers on pediatric COVID-19.
  • Inclusion criteria: January 1, 2020, to April 1, 2020.
  • Analysis of 44 relevant studies.

Main Results:

  • COVID-19 affects 0.39-12.3% of children.
  • Pediatric cases often present with milder symptoms or are asymptomatic compared to adults.
  • Chest CT scans may show consolidations with halos, specific to children.
  • Elevated inflammatory markers are linked to complications and co-infections.
  • Symptomatic therapy is recommended; no specific pediatric drug treatments are established.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 in children shares similarities with adult disease but has distinct clinical, laboratory, and imaging features.
  • The prognosis for children is significantly better than for adults.
  • Future pandemic progression may alter the landscape of pediatric COVID-19 cases.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2 infectionchildpediatric

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