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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
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Cell Motility through Blebbing01:16

Cell Motility through Blebbing

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Blebs are a type of membrane protrusion formed by the internal hydrostatic pressure of the cytoplasm. Blebs are observed in several cell types, including fibroblasts, immune cells, and single-celled organisms like the amoeba. The primary function of blebs is cell locomotion and apoptosis, but they are also found during necrosis and cell division. The life cycle of a bleb comprises an initiation phase followed by the expansion and retraction phases.
Blebbing Through the Matrix
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Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sebaceous Glands01:21

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A sebaceous gland is a type of oil gland found almost all over the skin ( except palms and soles) and helps lubricate and waterproof the skin and hair. Most sebaceous glands are associated with hair follicles. They generate and excrete sebum, a mixture of lipids, onto the skin surface, thereby naturally lubricating the dry and dead layer of keratinized cells of the stratum corneum, keeping it pliable.
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Types of Membrane Protrusions01:28

Types of Membrane Protrusions

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The protrusion of the cell surface is an initial step for several cellular processes, including cell migration, phagocytosis, and neurite outgrowth. These membrane protrusions are a result of cytoskeletal rearrangement. The most  widely observed cell protrusions include lamellipodia, pseudopodia, filopodia, microvilli, invadopodia, and podosomes. These protrusions can be of two types — static or dynamic.
The microvilli, an example of stable protrusions, are finger-like projections...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Granulocyte-dependent Autoantibody-induced Skin Blistering
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Multiple milia formation in blistering diseases.

Aikaterini Patsatsi1, Cybill Dianne C Uy1, Dedee F Murrell2

  • 12nd Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.

International Journal of Women'S Dermatology
|July 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Multiple milia can occur in blistering diseases, sometimes without prior skin trauma. Their exact cause is unknown, but immune factors and cell interactions may play a role in their formation.

Keywords:
Autoimmune blistering diseasesBlistering diseasesMiliaPemphigoidPemphigus

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathogenesis of skin conditions

Background:

  • Milia are small, superficial keratinous cysts.
  • They are often associated with blistering diseases like bullous pemphigoid.
  • Multiple eruptive milia are a rarer, more extensive form.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review literature on blistering diseases with multiple milia.
  • To investigate milia formation in non-blistered, non-traumatized skin.
  • To analyze the proposed pathogenesis of multiple milia.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search using keywords: multiple milia, bullous diseases, pemphigoid, pemphigus.
  • Review of studies on milia origin and association with blistering conditions.

Main Results:

  • Primary milia may arise from vellus hair structures; secondary milia often from eccrine ducts.
  • Milia in blistered/traumatized areas are linked to sweat gland/hair follicle regeneration.
  • Multiple milia can be an early sign of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, even without visible blisters.

Conclusions:

  • The precise cause of multiple milia is not fully understood.
  • Immune factors and abnormal interactions involving hemidesmosomes and extracellular matrix are implicated in milia development during blister recovery.
  • Further research is needed to clarify keratinocyte dysfunction triggers in multiple milia without prior blistering.