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Patch testing with purified and oxidized citronellol.

Lina Hagvall1,2, Johanna Rudbäck1,3, Johanna Bråred Christensson1,3

  • 1Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

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|July 9, 2020
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Summary

Oxidized citronellol is more effective than purified citronellol in detecting contact allergy, identifying cases missed by standard fragrance mix II testing. This highlights its value in diagnosing fragrance allergies.

Keywords:
allergic contact dermatitis, citronellol, fragrance mix II, fragrances, hydroperoxides, patch test, terpenes

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Allergology
  • Chemical Sensitization

Background:

  • Citronellol, a common fragrance terpene, readily autoxidizes to form hydroperoxides.
  • These oxidation products, specifically citronellol hydroperoxides, are identified as the primary sensitizers in oxidized citronellol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the diagnostic frequency of contact allergy to purified versus oxidized citronellol.
  • To investigate cross-reactivity patterns with other fragrance markers, including oxidized linalool and oxidized limonene.

Main Methods:

  • Patch testing 658 dermatitis patients with varying concentrations of purified and oxidized citronellol in petrolatum.
  • Pre-testing to assess the irritant potential of both purified and oxidized citronellol.

Main Results:

  • Oxidized citronellol demonstrated significantly higher positive reaction rates (0.61%-4.5%) compared to purified citronellol (0.15%-0.31%).
  • A substantial proportion of patients reacting to oxidized citronellol showed concomitant reactions to baseline fragrance markers (34%-50%) and oxidized linalool/limonene (75%-91%).

Conclusions:

  • Oxidized citronellol is a more sensitive diagnostic agent for contact allergy than purified citronellol.
  • A significant number of contact allergy cases identified by oxidized citronellol are not detected by the standard Fragrance Mix II.
  • Incorporating oxidized citronellol patch testing enhances diagnostic capabilities for fragrance allergy.