Autoimmune Conditions: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that can affect the musculoskeletal, integumentary, renal, neuropsychiatric, hematologic, cardiac, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, and reticuloendothelial systems. Most patients with suspected SLE are comanaged with a rheumatology subspecialist to confirm the diagnosis and assist in ongoing treatment. Management should focus on improving long-term outcomes, achieving remission, preventing tissue damage, and improving quality of life. Disease activity should be assessed at baseline and at follow-up visits using a validated instrument. Hydroxychloroquine is recommended for all patients with SLE and should be continued indefinitely unless contraindicated. Low-dose glucocorticoids can be used to manage most symptoms. When needed, immunosuppressive drugs and biologics can be used, depending on the affected body system.