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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:39

Mutations

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Overview
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Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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Leaky Scanning

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During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
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Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

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A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
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Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs02:26

Comparing Copy Number Variations and SNPs

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Sequencing of the human genome has opened up several best-kept secrets of the genome. Scientists have identified thousands of genome variations that exist within a population. These variations can be a single nucleotide or a larger chromosomal variation.
Copy number variations or CNVs are the structural variations that cover more than 1kb of DNA sequence. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), on the other hand, is a single nucleotide change or a point mutation that is found in more than 1%...
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Targeted Next-generation Sequencing and Bioinformatics Pipeline to Evaluate Genetic Determinants of Constitutional Disease
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SARS-CoV2 envelope protein: non-synonymous mutations and its consequences.

Sk Sarif Hassan1, Pabitra Pal Choudhury2, Bidyut Roy3

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur, 721140, West Bengal, India.

Genomics
|July 9, 2020
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein were identified in 0.414% of analyzed genomes. Specific changes in the C-terminus motif may impact host protein interactions.

Keywords:
COVID-19Envelope proteinNon-synonymous mutationsSARS-CoV2

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, has a genome that encodes several structural proteins, including the envelope (E) protein.
  • The E protein plays a crucial role in viral assembly, maturation, and pathogenesis.
  • Understanding mutations in viral proteins is essential for tracking viral evolution and potential impacts on infectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize non-synonymous mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 envelope (E) protein.
  • To investigate the prevalence and geographical distribution of these E protein mutations.
  • To assess the potential functional implications of observed mutations, particularly in the C-terminus motif.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 3617 complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences available in the NCBI database as of June 6, 2020.
  • Identification of non-synonymous mutations within the transmembrane and C-terminus domains of the E protein.
  • Comparison of mutation frequencies across different geographical regions (USA, Asia, Europe, Oceania).

Main Results:

  • Fifteen out of 3617 (0.414%) analyzed SARS-CoV-2 genomes exhibited non-synonymous mutations in the E protein.
  • The majority of these mutations were found in genomes from the USA (10 genomes, 0.386%).
  • Specific mutations were observed in the C-terminus motif (DLLV), changing it to DFLV and YLLV in Australian and Chinese isolates, respectively, potentially affecting PALS1 binding.

Conclusions:

  • Missense mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 E protein are rare but present in global genomes.
  • Geographical variations in E protein mutation prevalence were noted.
  • Observed mutations in the E protein's C-terminus motif warrant further investigation for their impact on host-pathogen interactions and viral function.