Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

102.9K
Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
102.9K
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

726
Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which...
726
Amines: Introduction01:07

Amines: Introduction

5.4K
Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia. They are formed by replacing one or more ammonia protons with alkyl or aryl groups. Depending upon the number of organyl groups bonded to nitrogen, amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary. Primary amines have one organyl group attached to the nitrogen atom, while secondary and tertiary amines have two and three organyl groups attached to the nitrogen atom, respectively.
5.4K
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

4.0K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
4.0K
NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines01:19

NMR Spectroscopy Of Amines

10.6K
In proton NMR spectroscopy, primary amines and secondary amines showcase their N–H protons as a broad signal in the chemical shift range between δ 0.5 and 5 ppm. The exact position in this range depends on several factors, including sample concentration, hydrogen bonding, and the type of solvent used. Since amine protons undergo fast proton exchange in solution, the protons are labile and therefore do not participate in any splitting with adjacent protons. Thus, the observed peak is...
10.6K
Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors01:29

Factors Affecting Protein-Drug Binding: Patient-Related Factors

229
Protein-drug binding, a pivotal aspect of pharmacokinetics, is subject to considerable variability influenced by an array of patient-related factors. The intricate interplay of age, individual differences, and pathological conditions significantly impact the binding dynamics and subsequent pharmacological effects.
Age stands as a key determinant in protein-drug binding. Neonates, characterized by low albumin content, experience heightened concentrations of unbound drugs such as phenytoin and...
229

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Choline supplementation partially reverses prefrontal neurochemical deficits induced by perinatal opioid exposure.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Local Chemical Gradients in a Mammalian Cortex Measured In Vivo With a Silicon Nanodialysis Mass Spectrometry Platform.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Profiling Endogenous Opioid Peptide Release from Adrenal Chromaffin Cells.

ACS chemical neuroscience·2026
Same author

<i>Precision Chemistry</i> and <i>Analytical Chemistry</i>Two Synergistic Journals.

Precision chemistry·2026
Same author

Human plasma extracellular vesicles as an exercise mimetic to preserve skeletal muscle plasticity during disuse.

NPJ microgravity·2026
Same author

Please Review, Review, and Review!

Analytical chemistry·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
08:14

Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.1K

d-Alanine: Distribution, origin, physiological relevance, and implications in disease.

Cindy J Lee1, Tian A Qiu1, Jonathan V Sweedler1

  • 1Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Proteins and Proteomics
|July 9, 2020
PubMed
Summary

d-Alanine (d-Ala), an unusual amino acid, is found in many species. Recent advances allow better study of d-Ala's roles in mammalian nervous and endocrine systems, and its links to diseases.

Keywords:
Chiral metabolitesDiseaseHost-microbeNMDA receptord-alanined-amino acids

More Related Videos

Evaluation of Amino Acid Consumption in Cultured Bone Cells and Isolated Bone Shafts
06:32

Evaluation of Amino Acid Consumption in Cultured Bone Cells and Isolated Bone Shafts

Published on: April 13, 2022

2.0K
Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
08:04

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

19.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis
08:14

Extraction of Non-Protein Amino Acids from Cyanobacteria for Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: December 9, 2022

4.1K
Evaluation of Amino Acid Consumption in Cultured Bone Cells and Isolated Bone Shafts
06:32

Evaluation of Amino Acid Consumption in Cultured Bone Cells and Isolated Bone Shafts

Published on: April 13, 2022

2.0K
Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method
08:04

Isolation of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes for Nascent Protein Synthesis Analysis by Non-radioactive L-azidohomoalanine Labeling Method

Published on: October 23, 2018

19.6K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • d-Alanine (d-Ala) is an unusual endogenous amino acid found in both invertebrates and vertebrates.
  • Characterizing d-Ala is difficult due to the need for chiral resolution and its low concentrations.
  • Research on d-Ala and other d-amino acids is expanding due to improved measurement techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of d-Alanine.
  • To discuss the distribution, origin, and function of d-Ala.
  • To explore the implications of d-Ala in disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on d-Alanine.
  • Analysis of recent advancements in measurement capabilities for d-amino acids.
  • Compilation of data on the biological roles and disease associations of d-Ala.

Main Results:

  • d-Ala is present across diverse species, from invertebrates to vertebrates.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the functional significance of d-Ala in mammalian nervous and endocrine systems.
  • The study outlines the known distribution, origins, functions, and disease relevance of d-Ala.

Conclusions:

  • d-Alanine is an important endogenous compound with increasingly recognized physiological roles.
  • Further research into d-Ala is warranted due to its potential involvement in neurological and endocrine functions and diseases.
  • Improved analytical methods are crucial for advancing our understanding of d-Ala.