Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

2.8K
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
2.8K
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

422
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
422
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology01:20

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

4.0K
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
4.0K
Assessment of Respiration01:23

Assessment of Respiration

1.7K
The respiratory system's basic structures and primary functions lay the foundation for nurses' comprehensive respiratory assessments. This assessment includes subjective and objective data to gauge the patient's respiratory health.
Subjective Assessment: Nurses interview the patient to gather information directly during the subjective assessment. It includes questions about the individual's medical history, medications, and symptoms, focusing on past respiratory conditions like...
1.7K
Breathing01:05

Breathing

63.8K
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
63.8K
Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

874
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
874

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

SARS-CoV-2 (E)-protein induces rapid TLR2-mediated T cell activation in mouse lungs revealed by intravital lung microscopy.

The European respiratory journal·2026
Same author

Local IFNγ signaling contributes to the regenerative decline of aged alveolar progenitor cells.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Dominant-negative PSMB10 disrupts immunoproteasome assembly and leads to transient T lymphopenia.

Journal of human immunity·2026
Same author

Hallmarks of the ageing lung: 10 years later.

The European respiratory journal·2026
Same author

PA200 differentially regulates the proteasome and inhibits migration of NSCLC cells.

Journal of cell science·2026
Same author

Repairing the lung: from single cells and tissue organisation to regenerative therapy - highlights of the Lung Science Conference 2025.

European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury
14:48

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury

Published on: March 21, 2021

5.4K

The ageing lung under stress.

Martina Korfei1,2, BreAnne MacKenzie3, Silke Meiners4,2

  • 1Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS) and Dept of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany.

European Respiratory Review : an Official Journal of the European Respiratory Society
|July 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lung ageing impairs cellular quality control, increasing susceptibility to respiratory diseases like COPD and IPF. This age-related decline acts as a "first hit," with environmental factors serving as "second hits" to promote disease.

More Related Videos

Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice
05:48

Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice

Published on: September 26, 2019

9.6K
Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
08:30

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

14.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury
14:48

Visualizing Lung Cellular Adaptations during Combined Ozone and LPS Induced Murine Acute Lung Injury

Published on: March 21, 2021

5.4K
Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice
05:48

Lung Fixation under Constant Pressure for Evaluation of Emphysema in Mice

Published on: September 26, 2019

9.6K
Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes
08:30

Intraperitoneal Glucose Tolerance Test, Measurement of Lung Function, and Fixation of the Lung to Study the Impact of Obesity and Impaired Metabolism on Pulmonary Outcomes

Published on: March 15, 2018

14.5K

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Cellular Biology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Healthy lung aging involves structural and cellular changes, including declining quality control mechanisms like redox and protein homeostasis.
  • Age-related decline in these mechanisms compromises cellular adaptive stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a conceptual framework linking impaired stress responses in aging lungs to the development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF).
  • To propose that age-related redox and protein homeostasis imbalance acts as a "first hit" predisposing the lung to disease.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review, synthesizing existing research on lung aging, cellular stress responses, and respiratory diseases.
  • Conceptual framework development based on current scientific understanding.

Main Results:

  • Impaired redox and protein homeostasis in aging lungs increase oxidative stress, making them vulnerable to injury.
  • Environmental insults (smoking, pollution, infections) act as "second hits," overwhelming weakened defenses and promoting COPD and IPF.

Conclusions:

  • Lung aging is a primary driver for COPD and IPF, acting as a "first hit" that exacerbates disease progression.
  • COPD and IPF can be viewed as distinct manifestations of the aging lung's compromised cellular defense and repair mechanisms.