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Related Concept Videos

Common Respiratory Disorders01:31

Common Respiratory Disorders

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Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Upper respiratory tract disorders, including viral infections and allergic rhinitis, cause significant discomfort and disrupt daily life. Managing these conditions involves a variety of drugs, such as antihistamines, intranasal steroids, decongestants, antitussives, expectorants, and mucolytics. Specific examples of drugs in each category are provided.
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Retroviruses02:33

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Generation, Amplification, and Titration of Recombinant Respiratory Syncytial Viruses
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Serpentoviruses: More than Respiratory Pathogens.

Eva Dervas1, Jussi Hepojoki1,2, Teemu Smura2

  • 1Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

Journal of Virology
|July 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Serpentoviruses, a type of nidovirus, cause fatal respiratory disease in pythons. This study reveals these viruses spread systemically via monocytes, affecting multiple organs and demonstrating a broad cell tropism beyond the respiratory tract.

Keywords:
granulomatous inflammationserpentovirusessystemic viral infectionvasculitisviremia

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Reptile Pathology
  • Molecular Virology

Background:

  • Nidoviruses, recently reclassified as serpentoviruses, are significant pathogens in captive pythons.
  • Serpentovirus infection typically causes upper respiratory and alimentary tract inflammation, potentially leading to fatal pneumonia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the wider distribution of lesions observed in serpentovirus-infected pythons.
  • To determine if new serpentoviruses or genomic changes are associated with systemic disease.
  • To characterize the cell and tissue tropism of serpentoviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Postmortem examinations of 30 RT-PCR-positive pythons.
  • RT-PCR and cell culture for virus isolation.
  • Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining for serpentovirus nucleoprotein.
  • Next-generation sequencing for full-length viral genome analysis.

Main Results:

  • Pyogranulomatous and fibrinonecrotic lesions were found in multiple organ systems beyond the respiratory tract.
  • Serpentovirus nucleoprotein was detected in various epithelia, hepatocytes, renal tubules, pancreatic ducts, intravascular monocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells.
  • A full-length genome of a novel serpentovirus species was sequenced.
  • No direct sequence-phenotype association was found, but functional studies are recommended.

Conclusions:

  • Serpentoviruses exhibit broad cell and tissue tropism, infecting not only epithelial cells but also immune cells like monocytes.
  • Systemic spread is likely mediated by monocytes, leading to lesions in diverse tissues and organs.
  • These findings expand the understanding of serpentovirus pathogenesis and highlight their threat to captive snake populations.