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Related Concept Videos

Redox Equilibria: Overview01:23

Redox Equilibria: Overview

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A reduction-oxidation reaction is commonly called a redox reaction. In a redox reaction, electrons are transferred from one species to another rather than being shared between or among atoms. The reducing agent or reductant is the species that loses electrons and gets oxidized in the process. The species that gains electrons and gets reduced in the process is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Redox reactions are represented as two separate equations called half-reactions, where one equation...
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Oxidation-reduction or redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons from one molecule or atom to another. When an atom gains an electron, another atom must lose an electron, meaning oxidation and reduction must occur together. Since the redox occurs in pairs, the atom that gets oxidized is also called the reducing agent or reductant, and the atom that is reduced is also called the oxidizing agent or oxidant. A straightforward way to remember the definitions of oxidation and reduction is...
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Redox Reactions01:27

Redox Reactions

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Redox reactions are vital biochemical processes that underpin energy metabolism in cells. These reactions involve the transfer of electrons between molecules, occurring in tandem as oxidation and reduction. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons, while reduction denotes their gain. This coupling ensures the seamless flow of electrons through metabolic pathways. For example, in bacterial metabolism, glucose undergoes oxidation to carbon dioxide, while oxygen is simultaneously reduced to...
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Electrochemistry is the science involved in the interconversion of electrical and chemical reactions. Such reactions are called reduction-oxidation, or redox reactions. These important reactions are defined by changes in oxidation states for one or more reactant elements and include a subset of reactions involving the transfer of electrons between reactant species. Electrochemistry as a field has evolved to yield sufficient insights on the fundamental principles of redox chemistry and multiple...
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Highly reversible oxygen redox in layered compounds enabled by surface polyanions.

Qing Chen1,2, Yi Pei1, Houwen Chen3

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Surface modification stabilizes lithium-rich layered oxide cathodes by preventing oxygen over-oxidation. This strategy enhances battery cycle performance and capacity retention, crucial for advanced lithium-ion batteries.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Oxygen-anion redox in lithium-rich layered oxides enhances cathode capacity.
  • Over-oxidation of oxygen leads to irreversible structural changes and poor cycle performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate surface degradation mechanisms in lithium-rich layered oxides due to oxygen oxidation.
  • Develop strategies to improve the stability of these cathode materials.

Main Methods:

  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations to study oxygen oxidation and surface reconstruction kinetics.
  • Surface modification by incorporating sulfate (SO4)2- groups.
  • Experimental validation using Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 cathodes.

Main Results:

  • DFT calculations revealed that under-coordinated surface oxygen is prone to over-oxidation and kinetically favored release during charging.
  • Incorporating sulfate groups onto the surface of Li2MnO3 suppressed gas release and electrolyte side reactions.
  • Experimental results showed enhanced cathode stability with 99.0% capacity retention after 100 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • Surface functionalization with sulfate groups is a promising strategy to stabilize highly charged layered cathode materials.
  • This approach mitigates oxygen over-oxidation and improves the cycle performance of lithium-ion batteries.
  • The findings offer a new pathway for designing durable and high-capacity cathode materials.