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Related Concept Videos

Retrieval01:12

Retrieval

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Retrieval is the process of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness. This ability is essential for daily tasks like brushing hair and teeth, driving to work, and performing job duties. Retrieval occurs in three ways: recall, recognition, and relearning.
Recall involves accessing information without cues, such as during an essay test, where individuals must retrieve facts and concepts from memory unaided. Another example is remembering the name of a colleague...
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Elaborative Rehearsals01:07

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Elaborative rehearsal is a crucial cognitive strategy that strengthens information encoding in long-term memory by making meaningful connections between new data and pre-existing knowledge. This approach contrasts with maintenance rehearsal, which involves simple repetition without delving into the significance of the information. While maintenance rehearsal might temporarily keep information active in short-term memory, it is less effective for long-term retention.
The effectiveness of...
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Chunking and Rehearsal in Sensory Memory01:22

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Improving short-term memory can be achieved through techniques like chunking and rehearsal. Chunking involves organizing information into larger, more manageable units. This technique is particularly useful for information that exceeds the typical memory span of between five and nine items. For instance, logging into an online account with a password like "ta89vq0179gz" involves grouping letters and numbers into three chunks—ta89, vq01, and 79gz. It makes large amounts of...
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Long-term Potentiation01:35

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term Potentiation01:25

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Using Practice Testing, Public Speaking, and Source Monitoring to Examine the Influences of Learning Strategies and Stress on Episodic Memory
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Optimizing preclinical learning with retrieval practice: A call to action.

Osama M Ahmed1, Prerak V Juthani1, Michael L Green2

  • 1Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.

Medical Teacher
|July 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Medical students face challenges with preclinical education due to vast knowledge expansion and lecture disengagement. Retrieval practice offers an evidence-based solution for improved knowledge retention and better preparation for modern medicine.

Keywords:
Curriculumbest evidence medical educationcurriculum infrastructureinstructional designstudy skills

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Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Current preclinical medical education struggles with an expanding knowledge base.
  • Medical students exhibit increasing disengagement with traditional lecture formats.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the challenges in preclinical medical education.
  • To propose retrieval practice as an effective learning strategy.

Main Methods:

  • Personal view based on medical student experiences.
  • Review of retrieval practice as a learning strategy.

Main Results:

  • Retrieval practice aids in longer-term knowledge retention.
  • This strategy addresses student disengagement.

Conclusions:

  • Medical educators should integrate retrieval practice.
  • This enhances student preparedness for modern medicine.