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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation01:15

Overview of Systemic and Pulmonary Circulation

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The systemic and pulmonary circuits are crucial components of the circulatory system, working together to transport blood between the heart, lungs, and the rest of the body. The process begins with pulmonary circulation, where deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary trunk and arteries. Upon reaching the lungs, the blood becomes oxygenated and returns to the heart, specifically to the left atrium, via the pulmonary veins.
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Overview of Systemic Arteries01:11

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The human body is a complex, well-organized machine, and at the heart of its operations lies the circulatory system. This network of blood vessels, which includes systemic arteries, plays a vital role in maintaining life by transporting nutrients, oxygen, and waste products to and from cells throughout the body.
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Anatomy of the Circulatory System02:03

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The human circulatory system consists of blood, blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart, around the body, and back to the heart, and the heart itself, which acts as a central pump. The systemic circuit supplies blood to the whole body, the coronary circuit supplies blood to the heart, and the pulmonary circuit supplies blood flow between the heart and lungs.
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Veins as Blood Reservoirs01:10

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Veins, while chiefly responsible for circulating blood back to the heart, also function as storage vessels for blood. They house approximately 64 percent of the body's total blood volume, a feat made possible by their high capacitance—the inherent ability to expand and accommodate large volumes of blood, even under low pressure. The large diameter and thin walls of veins augment their distensibility, significantly more so than arteries, due to their classification as capacitance...
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Lifecycle of Erythrocytes01:22

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Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells, constantly move through blood capillaries. As a result, they damage their plasma membrane due to the continuous friction. Typically, after 100 to 120 days, erythrocytes become rigid and fragile as they wear out. As they pass through small vessels in the spleen and liver, they can get trapped and break apart into fragments.
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Capillary Exchange01:28

Capillary Exchange

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Modeling the Effects of Hemodynamic Stress on Circulating Tumor Cells using a Syringe and Needle
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Lost in circulation.

Hristo Kirov1, Sophio Tkebuchava1, Gloria Faerber1

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Jena, Germany.

Journal of Cardiac Surgery
|July 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Surgical removal of retained cardiac devices is effective, with a rising incidence of these rare complications. Individualized surgical approaches ensure complete extraction, though mortality can occur.

Keywords:
coronary interventionguide wiressurgery

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Medical Device Complications

Background:

  • Complications from complex percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs), such as retained devices, are rare but life-threatening.
  • Surgical intervention is often necessary for device removal, yet its efficacy is not well-documented beyond case reports.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the outcomes of surgical therapy for retained intracardiac foreign bodies.
  • To analyze the incidence and characteristics of retained devices following cardiac interventions.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of surgically removed retained devices from 2015-2019 was conducted.
  • A retrospective search of the database for similar cases between 2010-2014 was performed.
  • Patient demographics, device location, surgical approach, and outcomes were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Eight cases of retained devices were referred for surgical removal from 2015 onwards, compared to none in the preceding five years.
  • Retained devices, primarily guide wires and balloon catheters, were located in coronary arteries.
  • Surgical removal was successful in all patients, with two deaths attributed to unrelated complications or right heart failure.

Conclusions:

  • Retained foreign bodies from cardiac interventions can be successfully removed with surgery.
  • Individualized surgical strategies are crucial for complete extraction.
  • A potential increase in the incidence of these interventional complications is observed.