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Combining cooling or heating applications with exercise training to enhance performance and muscle adaptations
Robert D Hyldahl1, Jonathan M Peake2,3
1Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.
Journal of Applied Physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)
|July 10, 2020
Summary
Cold water immersion after strength training hinders muscle gains, while passive heating may enhance endurance adaptations. Further research is needed on optimal protocols for athletes.
Area of Science:
- Exercise Physiology
- Sports Science
- Muscle Adaptation
Background:
- Athletes utilize cold water immersion (CWI) and passive heating for post-exercise recovery and enhanced training adaptations.
- Existing research on CWI's long-term effects on performance and muscle adaptations yields mixed results.
- Passive heating strategies are emerging as potential mimics of endurance training effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review the influence of regular CWI on endurance and strength training adaptations.
- To explore the effects of passive heating on muscle adaptations, potentially mimicking endurance exercise.
- To identify knowledge gaps and future research directions in thermoregulation for athletic performance.
Main Methods:
- Systematic investigation of studies examining regular CWI after endurance and high-intensity interval training.
- Analysis of research on CWI's impact on muscle mass, strength, and molecular signaling pathways.
- Review of emerging evidence on passive heating modalities and their effects on muscle physiology.
Main Results:
- CWI effects on aerobic capacity, lactate threshold, and power output are equivocal.
- Consistent evidence shows CWI attenuates muscle mass and strength gains post-strength training.
- Passive heating shows potential for stimulating angiogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis, possibly mitigating muscle atrophy.
Conclusions:
- Regular CWI after strength training is detrimental to muscle hypertrophy and strength development.
- Passive heating demonstrates promise in enhancing endurance-related muscle adaptations.
- Optimal protocols for CWI and passive heating require further investigation to maximize athletic benefits.
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