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Some researchers suggest that altruism operates on empathy. Empathy is the capacity to understand another person’s perspective, to feel what he or she feels. An empathetic person makes an emotional connection with others and feels compelled to help (Batson, 1991). Empathy can be expressed in several ways, including cognitive, affective, and motor. 
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Predicting externalizing behavior in toddlerhood from early individual differences in empathy.

Yael Paz1, Tal Orlitsky1, Ronit Roth-Hanania2

  • 1School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines
|July 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Early empathy development impacts externalizing behaviors differently in boys and girls. High empathy in infancy may protect against later behavior problems in both genders, but the links vary by age and sex.

Keywords:
Empathyaggressionbehavior problemsgender

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The relationship between empathy and externalizing behavior problems is complex in early childhood, with inconsistent findings in existing research.
  • While a negative association is common in middle childhood, patterns in infancy and toddlerhood remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between empathy and externalizing behavior problems from infancy through toddlerhood.
  • To explore potential gender differences in the empathy-externalizing behavior relationship during early development.

Main Methods:

  • A community sample of 165 infants was assessed for empathy using behavioral observations at 3, 6, 12, 18, and 36 months.
  • Externalizing behavior problems were reported by mothers at 18 months and by mothers and daycare teachers at 36 months.

Main Results:

  • Boys exhibited more externalizing problems than girls. Negative associations between empathy and externalizing problems were observed in boys, particularly with teacher reports.
  • Positive associations between empathy and externalizing problems were found in girls, diminishing with age. Empathy at 3, 6, and 18 months appeared protective against increases in externalizing behaviors from 18 to 36 months for both genders.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay of empathy, gender, and age is crucial in understanding early externalizing behaviors.
  • In toddler boys, externalizing problems may stem from lower empathy, while in girls, they might be linked to heightened sensitivity and assertive behaviors.