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A Pareto chart is a bar graph or a combination of both line and bar graphs. The bar lengths represent the individual values or the frequency, while the lines represent the cumulative total values. In this chart, the longest bars are arranged on the left and the shortest bars on the right, which makes it easier to read and interpret the data. It can also be called a Pareto diagram or Pareto analysis.
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When conducting an experiment, it is crucial to have control to reduce bias and accurately measure the dependent variables. It also marks the results more reliable. Controls are elements in an experiment that have the same characteristics as the treatment groups but are not affected by the independent variable. By sorting these data into control and experimental conditions, the relationship between the dependent and independent variables can be drawn. A randomized experiment always includes a...
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The COVID-19 pandemic.

Marco Ciotti1, Massimo Ciccozzi2, Alessandro Terrinoni3

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Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences
|July 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan, China, causing the COVID-19 pandemic. This review covers its epidemiology, diagnosis, origin, therapies, vaccines, and societal impact.

Keywords:
ACE2COVID-19SARS-CoV-2cytokine stormpneumoniarRT-PCRserology

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • An unknown pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 was linked to the Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.
  • The causative agent was identified as a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), related to SARS-CoV.
  • The rapid global spread led to the World Health Organization declaring a pandemic (COVID-19) in March 2020.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and origin of SARS-CoV-2.
  • To discuss SARS-CoV-2's cell infection mechanisms and safety concerns.
  • To explore COVID-19 therapies, vaccine development, AI's role, lifestyle impacts, and pandemic preparedness.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, diagnostic methods, and viral characteristics.
  • Synthesis of information on therapeutic strategies, vaccine research, and artificial intelligence applications.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2, a betacoronavirus, has caused a devastating global pandemic with significant human and economic costs.
  • The review details the virus's origin, transmission, and cellular mechanisms of infection.
  • Various diagnostic approaches, therapeutic options, and vaccine development efforts are presented.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic necessitates a comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2, from its origins to its societal effects.
  • Continued research into diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines is crucial for pandemic management.
  • Preparedness for future waves and the integration of technologies like AI are vital for mitigating global health crises.