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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone...
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP02:36

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation- ChIP

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Chromatin immunoprecipitation, or ChIP, is an antibody-based technique used to identify sites on DNA that bind to transcription factors of interest or histone proteins. It also helps determine the type of histone modifications such as acetylation, phosphorylation, or methylation.
Types of ChIP
ChIP can be divided into two types - X-ChIP and N-ChIP. X-ChIP involves in vivo cross-linking of histones and regulatory proteins to DNA, fragmenting the DNA by sonication, and isolating the protein-DNA...
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Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
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Modern epigenetics methods in biological research.

Yuanyuan Li1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Women's Heath, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.

Methods (San Diego, Calif.)
|July 10, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetics involves DNA modifications that control gene activity without altering the DNA sequence. This review covers modern techniques for analyzing epigenetic codes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications.

Keywords:
Advanced technologiesDNA methylationEpigeneticsHistone modificationsMethodsNon-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Epigenetics, the study of heritable gene expression changes independent of DNA sequence, has seen exponential growth.
  • Key epigenetic mechanisms include DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • Advancements in technology are crucial for exploring the complexities of epigenetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review modern techniques for detecting locus-specific and genome-wide epigenetic modifications.
  • To provide an updated analysis of technologies and newly developed methods in epigenetics.
  • To facilitate further developments in the rapidly advancing field of epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of techniques for analyzing DNA methylation.
  • Overview of methods for studying histone modifications.
  • Exploration of technologies for non-coding RNA analysis.
  • Presentation of bioinformatics pipelines for epigenetic data analysis.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive overview of available technologies for epigenetic code detection.
  • Updated analysis of current methodologies and recent breakthroughs.
  • Guidelines for implementing advanced epigenetic analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Modern techniques and bioinformatics are essential for advancing epigenetics.
  • The field offers promising avenues for future research and discovery.
  • Continued development of methodologies will drive progress in understanding gene regulation.