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SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, and Hydroxychloroquine: Cardiovascular Complications, Therapeutics, and Clinical Readouts in the

Rajkumar Singh Kalra1, Dhanendra Tomar2, Avtar Singh Meena3

  • 1AIST-INDIA DAILAB, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational & Environmental Research (DAICENTER), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science & Technology (AIST), Higashi 1-1-1, Tsukuba 305 8565, Japan.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was repurposed for COVID-19, but cardiovascular risks emerged. This review clarifies HCQ

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has strained global healthcare systems.
  • Drug repurposing, specifically hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), was explored due to a lack of targeted therapeutics.
  • Emerging cardiovascular complications linked to HCQ use highlight the role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 infection and its impact on cardiovascular function.
  • To review the immunomodulatory activities and antiviral effects of HCQ against SARS-CoV-2.
  • To assess the cardiovascular risks, efficacy, and clinical scope of HCQ-based treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of in vitro analyses and clinical reports on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for COVID-19.
  • Analysis of the physiological role of ACE2 in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and cardiovascular function.
  • Synthesis of current clinical data regarding HCQ efficacy and associated risks.

Main Results:

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) exhibits immunomodulatory and potential antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2.
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a critical receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and plays a role in cardiovascular function.
  • HCQ use is associated with cardiovascular complications, necessitating careful consideration of its clinical application.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding ACE2's role is crucial for managing SARS-CoV-2-related cardiovascular effects.
  • The efficacy and risks of HCQ require careful evaluation for its use in clinical settings.
  • Further research and clinical guidelines are needed to define the scope of HCQ-based regimes.

Keywords:
ACE2COVID-19SARS-CoV-2cardiovascular disease (CVD)cardiovascular systemhydroxychloroquinetherapeutics

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