Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Heart Rate01:30

Factors Influencing Heart Rate

5.9K
The heart rate, or pulse rate, is a vital indicator of cardiovascular health. It reflects the number of times the heart beats per minute. Various physiological and environmental factors influence heart rate, increasing or decreasing cardiac output. Understanding these factors is crucial for assessing heart function and identifying potential health issues.
Let us explore the significant factors affecting heart rate, including age, body temperature, posture, acute pain, chemical influences,...
5.9K
Factors Affecting Respiration01:24

Factors Affecting Respiration

8.7K
Respiration is a crucial physiological function involving exchanging oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) between an organism and its environment. Various factors can impact this essential process:
8.7K
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

2.1K
Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
2.1K
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

3.7K
Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
3.7K
Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

Exercise and Cardiac Output

1.7K
Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
Sustained exercise increases the muscles' oxygen demand, which can be...
1.7K
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance01:29

Pathophysiology of Cardiac Performance

1.2K
Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
1.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Impairments in mitochondrial dynamics and morphology in skeletal muscle of breast cancer patients after a single paclitaxel administration.

Experimental physiology·2026
Same author

Comment on: Mitochondrial abnormalities in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies by Torri et al.: a short reader guide.

Clinical and experimental rheumatology·2026
Same author

Effects of Glyphosate and Roundup<sup>®</sup> Herbicides on Cardiac and H9c2 Cells' Mitochondrial Respiration and Oxidative Stress.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same author

NF-κB signaling drives rapid skeletal muscle atrophy in patients with breast cancer: the cost of fighting cancer with chemotherapy.

American journal of physiology. Cell physiology·2026
Same author

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4) Inhibition Reduces Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Leucocyte Infiltration, Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Fission Markers in Mice Skeletal Muscles Four Hours After Ischemia Onset.

Muscles (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Feasibility and Potential Effects of Exercise Training Combining Eccentric and Concentric Cycling in Patients With Breast Cancer.

European journal of sport science·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
08:26

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.3K

Physiological factors determining downhill vs uphill running endurance performance.

Marcel Lemire1, Thomas J Hureau1, Fabrice Favret1

  • 1University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Medicine, Translational Medicine Federation (FMTS), UR 3072, France; University of Strasbourg, Faculty of Sport Sciences, France.

Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
|July 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Highly trained runners

Keywords:
Eccentric exerciseHeart rateOxygen consumptionTime-trialTrack and fieldVentilation

More Related Videos

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.1K
A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
09:24

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

Published on: January 28, 2020

9.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
08:26

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running

Published on: July 17, 2020

6.3K
Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans
07:26

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Published on: October 17, 2018

21.1K
A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers
09:24

A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of Swimmers

Published on: January 28, 2020

9.3K

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Trail running performance combines uphill and downhill sections.
  • Specific physiological determinants for uphill running (UR) versus downhill running (DR) are not well understood.
  • Understanding these factors can optimize training and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine cardiorespiratory responses during outdoor DR and UR time-trials.
  • To identify the physiological predictors of DR and UR performance in highly trained runners.

Main Methods:

  • Ten male endurance athletes completed 5-km UR and DR time-trials.
  • Assessed maximal oxygen uptake, strength, endurance, stiffness, and agility.
  • Used correlation and commonality regression analyses to identify performance predictors.

Main Results:

  • DR velocity was significantly higher than UR velocity.
  • Velocity at VO2max (vV̇O2max), body mass index (BMI), and maximal strength predicted UR performance (R²=0.94).
  • vV̇O2max, leg musculotendinous stiffness, and maximal strength predicted DR performance (R²=0.84).

Conclusions:

  • UR and DR performance are explained by three predictors each.
  • vV̇O2max and maximal strength are common predictors for both UR and DR.
  • BMI is specific to UR performance, while leg musculotendinous stiffness is specific to DR performance.