Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

208
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
208
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

7.6K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
7.6K
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

7.7K
In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
7.7K
Unrealistic Optimism Bias01:30

Unrealistic Optimism Bias

134
Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
134
Cognitive Dissonance01:38

Cognitive Dissonance

36.7K
Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
36.7K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.2K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Williamson on indicatives and suppositional heuristics.

Synthese·2022
Same author

Conceivability and possibility: some dilemmas for Humeans.

Synthese·2019
Same author

Williamson on Counterpossibles.

Journal of philosophical logic·2019
Same author

Aboutness in imagination.

Philosophical studies·2019
Same journal

Concept(s) of Health: Lifestyle at the Heart of Modern Health.

Erkenntnis·2026
Same journal

Common Belief and Make-Believe.

Erkenntnis·2026
Same journal

Hilbert's Early Metatheory Revisited.

Erkenntnis·2026
Same journal

Neo-Russellian Abstractionism.

Erkenntnis·2026
Same journal

Epistemic Rationality Begins Unreflectively.

Erkenntnis·2026
Same journal

Forward-Looking Concept Functions and the Function/Accident Distinction.

Erkenntnis·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

12.0K

Simple Hyperintensional Belief Revision.

F Berto1

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Institute for Logic, Language and Computation (ILLC), University of Amsterdam, Oude Turfmarkt 141-147, 1012 GC Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Erkenntnis
|July 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new model for belief revision that avoids logical idealization. It allows for revisions with inconsistent information and demonstrates

Keywords:
Belief revisionDoxastic logicEpistemic logicFraming effectsHyperintensionalityInconsistent belief managementNon-monotonic reasoning

More Related Videos

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

8.8K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses

Published on: September 28, 2018

12.0K
The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling
06:51

The Modified Temptation Resistance Task: A Paradigm to Elicit Children's Strategic Lie-telling

Published on: April 6, 2018

8.8K
Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.6K

Area of Science:

  • Epistemology
  • Logic
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Standard belief revision models often assume agents are logically perfect.
  • Existing epistemic and doxastic logics face challenges in representing realistic belief changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a hyperintensional belief revision operator that reduces logical idealization.
  • To model belief revision that is not closed under logical consequence and can handle inconsistent information without trivialization.

Main Methods:

  • A possible worlds semantics is proposed for a hyperintensional belief revision operator.
  • The framework combines standard propositional S5 semantics with a mereology of contents.

Main Results:

  • Belief states are not closed under classical logical consequence.
  • Revising by inconsistent information does not necessarily lead to trivialization.
  • Logically equivalent contents can result in different belief revisions ('framing effects').

Conclusions:

  • The proposed semantics offers a more realistic account of belief revision.
  • It avoids the need for non-classical logics or non-normal/impossible worlds.
  • The model successfully captures phenomena like framing effects in belief revision.