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Multifocal Stroke Complicating Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis.

Zina H Stavitsky¹, Colin H Nguyen², James Martin Johnston²

¹Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Case Reports in Neurology

|July 11, 2020

Summary

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) can cause severe deficits, but children usually recover well. This case report details a rare instance of a child experiencing a stroke complicating NMDARE, leading to permanent neurological damage.

Keywords:

Adolescence Autoimmune disease Encephalitis NMDA receptor Stroke

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Neurology

Background:

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis (NMDARE) is a significant autoimmune neurological disorder.
While NMDARE prognosis is generally favorable in pediatric patients, complications can occur.
Stroke is not a commonly reported complication of NMDARE.

Observation:

A preadolescent female diagnosed with NMDARE experienced a stroke during her illness.
The stroke was unilateral and resulted in permanent neurological deficits.
Imaging suggested a thrombotic vascular cause for the stroke.

Findings:

This case represents the first documented occurrence of stroke in a patient with NMDARE.
The findings highlight a potential, previously unreported complication of NMDARE.

Implications:

Understanding the link between NMDARE and stroke is crucial for comprehensive patient management.
This case may prompt further research into the vascular complications of autoimmune encephalitis.
Early recognition and management of potential thrombotic events in NMDARE patients could improve outcomes.