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Mechanism underlying nephroprotective property of curcumin against sodium nitrite-induced nephrotoxicity in male

Omowumi Oyeronke Adewale1, Matthew Idowu Bakare1, Juliana Bunmi Adetunji1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria.

Journal of Food Biochemistry
|July 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Curcumin administration mitigated kidney damage caused by sodium nitrite in rats by regulating arginase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities and reducing oxidative stress. This highlights curcumin's protective role against food-related kidney issues.

Area of Science:

  • Toxicology and Pharmacology
  • Renal Physiology
  • Natural Product Chemistry

Background:

  • Sodium nitrite (NaNO2) exposure can induce nephrotoxicity, affecting kidney function and oxidative stress markers.
  • Arginase and adenosine deaminase (ADA) are enzymes implicated in kidney pathophysiology and inflammation.
  • Curcumin, a natural compound, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties with potential therapeutic benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of curcumin on NaNO2-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.
  • To evaluate the impact of curcumin on arginase and ADA activities in the context of kidney damage.
  • To assess curcumin's influence on oxidative stress markers and kidney function following NaNO2 exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Wistar rats were exposed to a single dose of NaNO2 (60 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days.
  • Curcumin (20 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered as a pretreatment.
  • Arginase and ADA activities, kidney function biomarkers, oxidative stress markers, and histopathological changes were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • NaNO2 exposure significantly altered ADA and arginase activities, kidney function markers, and induced oxidative stress.
  • Curcumin pretreatment significantly mitigated these alterations, normalizing enzyme activities and improving kidney biomarkers.
  • Histopathological examination supported the protective effects of curcumin against NaNO2-induced kidney tissue damage.

Conclusions:

  • Alterations in ADA and arginase activities are implicated in NaNO2-induced nephrotoxicity.
  • Curcumin demonstrates significant protective effects against NaNO2-induced kidney damage, likely through regulating ADA and arginase.
  • Curcumin enhances the antioxidant system and suppresses lipid peroxidation, offering potential benefits for food-related kidney damage.
Keywords:
adenosine deaminasearginasecurcuminkidney functionsodium nitrite

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