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Multiple sclerosis among first- and second-generation immigrant groups in Sweden.

Per Wändell1, Sten Fredrikson2, Axel C Carlsson1,3

  • 1Division of Family Medicine and Primary Care, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica
|July 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) risk is lower in both first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden compared to the native-born population. This study investigated incident MS in these immigrant groups, finding consistently reduced risk across generations.

Keywords:
genderimmigrantsmultiple sclerosisneighborhoodsocioeconomic status

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immigration Health

Background:

  • The risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) is generally understood to be influenced by geographic and genetic factors.
  • Previous observations indicated a lower risk of MS among first-generation immigrants in Sweden.
  • Understanding MS incidence across immigrant generations is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in first-generation immigrants in Sweden.
  • To analyze and compare MS risk in second-generation immigrant groups relative to the native-born population.
  • To identify potential disparities in MS risk based on immigrant generation status.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study including over 10 million adults (18+ years) in Sweden, divided into first- and second-generation immigrant sub-studies.
  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) cases were identified using the Swedish National Patient Register.
  • Cox regression models were employed to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors.

Main Results:

  • The annual incidence rate of MS was higher in Swedish-born individuals (11.5 per 100,000 person-years) compared to foreign-born individuals (6.3 per 100,000 person-years).
  • Fully adjusted hazard ratios for MS were significantly lower in both first-generation immigrant men (HR 0.72) and women (HR 0.67).
  • Second-generation immigrant men (HR 0.88) and women (HR 0.79) also exhibited a lower risk of MS compared to individuals with Swedish-born parents.

Conclusions:

  • The study concludes that both first- and second-generation immigrants in Sweden have a reduced risk of developing multiple sclerosis.
  • These findings suggest a persistent protective effect across generations, even when accounting for various confounding factors.
  • Further research may explore the underlying environmental, genetic, or lifestyle factors contributing to these observed risk differences.