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Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

251
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
251
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

199
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
199
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:28

Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

230
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
230
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

179
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
179
Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

266
Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
266
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

131
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
131

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
11:50

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

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Atrial functional mitral regurgitation.

Brian D Hoit1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.

Current Opinion in Cardiology
|July 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is common and linked to poor outcomes, similar to other forms of mitral regurgitation. Early rhythm control and pressure-lowering strategies may offer therapeutic benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiac Physiology
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Atrial functional mitral regurgitation (AFMR) is increasingly recognized.
  • It is associated with atrial fibrillation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence and prognosis of AFMR.
  • To describe its echocardiographic and mechanistic findings.
  • To discuss therapeutic implications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on AFMR.
  • Analysis of echocardiographic and clinical data.
  • Synthesis of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • AFMR is not rare and carries a prognosis similar to LV-associated functional MR.
  • Echocardiography is crucial for understanding AFMR pathophysiology.
  • Mechanisms involve atrial remodeling, LV dysfunction (shared with HFpEF), and impaired leaflet growth.

Conclusions:

  • AFMR should be considered in patients with atrial fibrillation and HFpEF.
  • Timely rhythm control and strategies reducing diastolic pressure and annular dilation are potential therapeutic avenues.