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Isolated systolic hypertension and 29-year cardiovascular mortality risk in Japanese adults aged 30--49 years

Takashi Hisamatsu1,2, Katsuyuki Miura2,3, Takayoshi Ohkubo4

  • 1Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama.

Journal of Hypertension
|July 11, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in adults aged 30-49 significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. This finding highlights the importance of monitoring blood pressure in younger populations to prevent future heart health issues.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • The prognostic significance of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in young-to-middle-aged adults is not well-established.
  • ISH is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mmHg.
  • Understanding ISH's impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in this demographic is crucial for preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • To examine this association in adults aged 30-49 years.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective cohort study utilized data from the NIPPON DATA80 (1980-2009) of Japanese general populations.
  • 4776 participants (mean age 39.4 years, 55.4% women) without prior CVD or antihypertensive medication were analyzed.
  • Participants were categorized by blood pressure levels: normal, high-normal, elevated, ISH, isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH).

Main Results:

  • Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) was identified in 8.1% of participants.
  • During a 29-year follow-up, ISH was independently associated with a 4.10-fold increased risk of CVD mortality compared to normal blood pressure.
  • The CVD mortality risk from ISH was comparable to isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) and less than systolic-diastolic hypertension (SDH).

Conclusions:

  • Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in young-to-middle-aged Japanese adults is an independent risk factor for future cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
  • These findings underscore the importance of recognizing and managing ISH in younger adult populations to mitigate long-term cardiovascular risks.
Abstract

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