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Related Concept Videos

Phylogenetic Trees03:21

Phylogenetic Trees

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Phylogenetic trees come in many forms. It matters in which sequence the organisms are arranged from the bottom to the top of the tree, but the branches can rotate at their nodes without altering the information. The lines connecting individual nodes can be straight, angled, or even curved.
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Phylogeny01:23

Phylogeny

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Phylogeny is concerned with the evolutionary diversification of organisms or groups of organisms. A group of organisms with a name is called a taxon (singular). Taxa (plural) can span different levels of the evolutionary hierarchy. For instance, the group containing all birds is a taxon (comprising the class Aves), and the group of all species of daisies (the genus Bellis) is a taxon. Phylogenies can likewise include just one genus (i.e., depict species relationships) or span an entire kingdom.
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

Transcytosis of IgG

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
IgG molecules from a mother undergo transcytosis starting around 13 weeks of gestation. The amount of IgG transferred and entering the fetal blood circulation increases with...
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Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
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Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

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AncesTree: An interactive immunoglobulin lineage tree visualizer.

Mathilde Foglierini1,2, Leontios Pappas1, Antonio Lanzavecchia1

  • 1Università della Svizzera italiana, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Bellinzona, Switzerland.

Plos Computational Biology
|July 11, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers can now explore antibody clonal evolution and somatic mutations with AncesTree, a new graphical tool. This software aids in understanding antibody affinity maturation and reconstructing lineage evolution from sequencing data.

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Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing
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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation
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Immunoglobulin Gene Sequence Analysis In Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: From Patient Material To Sequence Interpretation

Published on: November 26, 2018

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Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing
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Identification of Mouse and Human Antibody Repertoires by Next-Generation Sequencing

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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma
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VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma

Published on: December 28, 2015

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Bioinformatics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • High-throughput sequencing of immunoglobulin genes enables antibody repertoire analysis and clonal lineage evolution studies.
  • Understanding antibody affinity maturation is crucial for developing high-affinity or broadly neutralizing antibodies.
  • Phylogenetic analysis helps identify key somatic mutations for optimal antigen binding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a graphical user interface (GUI) for interactive exploration of antibody clonal evolution.
  • To complement existing algorithms like IgPhyML and Dnaml for immunoglobulin lineage reconstruction.
  • To visualize immunoglobulin phylogenetic trees, mutations, and sequence alignments.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Immcantation framework for adaptive immune receptor sequencing (AIRR-Seq) data analysis.
  • Employed IgPhyML (from Change-O package) and Phylip for phylogenetic tree construction.
  • Developed AncesTree, a Java-based GUI for interactive visualization and analysis.

Main Results:

  • AncesTree provides an interactive platform to explore antibody phylogenetic trees and clonal evolution.
  • The GUI integrates data from specialized antibody tools for enhanced analysis.
  • The application is a standalone Java program compatible with Windows, Linux, and Mac OS.

Conclusions:

  • AncesTree facilitates a deeper understanding of antibody lineage evolution and somatic hypermutation.
  • The tool enhances the analysis of AIRR-Seq data by providing interactive visualization.
  • Researchers can now more effectively study the generation of high-affinity antibodies.