Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

5.3K
Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
5.3K
Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

5.7K
The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
5.7K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

40.0K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
40.0K
Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification01:29

Bone Formation by Intramembranous Ossification

9.6K
Intramembranous ossification is one of the two processes involved in the development of bones within an embryo. The flat bones of the face, most of the cranial bones, and the clavicles are formed via this process. During intramembranous ossification, the bones develop directly from sheets of undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissue.
The process begins when mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and differentiate into osteogenic cells, which then develop into ...
9.6K
Minerals01:26

Minerals

877
Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
Major...
877
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

5.5K
Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
5.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>Qipengyuania triglochinis</i> sp. nov. and <i>Alteriqipengyuania triglochinis</i> sp. nov.: two novel <i>Erythrobacteraceae</i> members isolated from rhizosphere and root in <i>Triglochin maritima</i> L.

International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology·2026
Same author

Clinical outcomes and risk factors of cytomegalovirus reactivation in teclistamab-treated multiple myeloma patients.

Blood cancer journal·2026
Same author

Counterion Effects of Protic Ionic Liquids on the Conductivity and Stretchability of Free-Standing PEDOT:PSS Films.

Macromolecules·2026
Same author

Amikacin exposure and its association with ototoxicity and efficacy in nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease treatment.

Respiratory medicine·2026
Same author

Smart IoT thermal imaging approach for early identification of Red Palm Weevil (RPW) infestation on palms.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Peripheral blood immune cell profiling and response to BCMA CAR-T cell therapy in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma.

Blood cancer journal·2026
Same journal

RETRACTED: Kim et al. The Angiogenesis Inhibitor ALS-L1023 from Lemon-Balm Leaves Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Through Regulating the Visceral Adipose-Tissue Function. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2017, <i>18</i>, 846.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Mahmud et al. Thymoquinone Attenuates NF-κβ Signalling Activation in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells Under AMD-Mimicking Conditions. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2025, <i>26</i>, 11473.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Borovikov et al. The Twisting and Untwisting of Actin and Tropomyosin Filaments Are Involved in the Molecular Mechanisms of Muscle Contraction, and Their Disruption Can Result in Muscle Disorders. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci</i>. 2025, <i>26</i>, 6705.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Molagoda et al. Flavonoid Glycosides from <i>Ziziphus jujuba</i> var. <i>inermis</i> (Bunge) Rehder Seeds Inhibit α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Mediated Melanogenesis. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2021, <i>22</i>, 7701.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Guo et al. Integrated Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis Reveals the Molecular Regulatory Mechanism of Flavonoid Biosynthesis in Maize Roots Under Lead Stress. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2024, <i>25</i>, 6050.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
Same journal

Correction: Chang et al. Improvement of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Acute Hepatic Failure by Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Without Reprogramming Factor c-Myc. <i>Int. J. Mol. Sci.</i> 2012, <i>13</i>, 3598-3617.

International journal of molecular sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

9.6K

Innate Biomineralization.

Erming Tian1, Fumiya Watanabe2, Betty Martin3

  • 1Department of Hematology Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|July 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

All mammalian cells possess innate biomineralization abilities, producing hydroxyapatite (HAP) when exposed to calcium, phosphoester salts, and alkaline phosphatase. This finding redefines our understanding of bone metabolism and calcification processes.

Keywords:
alkaline phosphatasebiomineralizationcrystallinityglycerophosphatehydroxyapatitenanomaterial

More Related Videos

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

17.2K
Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research
07:29

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis
14:55

Analysis of Minerals Produced by hFOB 1.19 and Saos-2 Cells Using Transmission Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray Microanalysis

Published on: June 24, 2018

9.6K
Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives
09:31

Calcium Carbonate Formation in the Presence of Biopolymeric Additives

Published on: May 14, 2019

17.2K
Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research
07:29

Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research

Published on: September 27, 2024

1.1K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Biomineralization

Background:

  • Biomineralization, the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAP), was traditionally linked to specialized bone and tooth cells (osteoblasts and odontoblasts).
  • Understanding cellular differentiation and maturation is crucial for addressing bone-remodeling defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental mechanisms underlying biomineralization in mammalian cells.
  • To determine if biomineralization is exclusive to specialized cells or a broader cellular capability.

Main Methods:

  • Exposing various mammalian cell types, including undifferentiated cells, to specific elemental conditions.
  • Analyzing the composition and structure of biologically generated mineral precipitates.

Main Results:

  • Biomineralization is an innate capacity of all mammalian cells, regardless of type or maturity.
  • Concomitant exposure to calcium ions, phosphoester salts, and alkaline phosphatase triggers HAP formation.
  • Biologically generated HAP crystallites are 5-10 nm in size.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian cells possess an intrinsic ability to biomineralize, challenging previous assumptions.
  • This discovery offers new insights into bone metabolism and the mechanisms of ectopic calcification.