Simultaneous FTIR and Raman Spectroscopy in Endometrial Atypical Hyperplasia and Cancer

Currently, endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common genital cancer in high-income countries. Some types of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) may be progressing to this malignancy. The diagnosis of EC and EH is based on time consuming histopathology evaluation, which is subjective and causes discrepancies in reassessment. Therefore, there is a need to create methods of objective evaluation allowing the diagnosis of early changes. The study aimed to simultaneously asses Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy combined with multidimensional analysis to identify the tissues of endometrial cancer, atypical hyperplasia and the normal control group, and differentiate them. The results of FTIR and Raman spectroscopy revealed quantitative and qualitative changes in the nucleic acid and protein in the groups of cancer and atypical hyperplasia, in comparison with the control group. Changes in the lipid region were also observed in Raman spectra. Pearson correlation coefficient demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between Raman spectra for the cancer and atypical hyperplasia groups (0.747, p < 0.05) and for atypical hyperplasia and the controls (0.507, p < 0.05), while FTIR spectra demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation for the same group as in Raman data and for the control and cancer groups (0.966, p < 0.05). To summarize, the method of spectroscopy enables differentiation of atypical hyperplasia and endometrial cancer tissues from the physiological endometrial tissue.