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Levels of Use of a GIS01:29

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Geographic Information Systems (GIS) operate across three levels of application, each representing an increasing degree of complexity: data management, analysis, and prediction. These levels reflect the expanding functionality and versatility of GIS technology in handling spatial data for diverse purposes.Data ManagementAt its foundational level, GIS serves as a tool for data management, enabling the input, storage, retrieval, and organization of spatial data. This level is often employed in...
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Geographic availability to optometry services across Canada: mapping distribution, need and self-reported use.

Tayyab Shah1,2, Stephan Milosavljevic3, Brenna Bath4

  • 1School of Rehabilitation Science, University of Saskatchewan, Suite 3400, 3rd Floor, 104 Clinic Pl, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2Z4, Canada.

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Canadian optometrist distribution is uneven, with shortages in areas needing eye care most. This study highlights geographic disparities in optometry services, informing future workforce planning.

Keywords:
Access to vision careCanadian health regionsGISOptometry servicesPrimary health careSpatial patterns

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Services Research
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Investigates the geographic distribution of optometrists in Canada.
  • Compares provider distribution with population health needs and self-reported vision service utilization.
  • Identifies potential disparities in optometric care access across Canadian health regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the spatial distribution of optometrists in relation to population demographics and vision care usage.
  • To identify areas with potential gaps in optometric service availability.
  • To inform Canadian workforce planning and policy development for optometry.

Main Methods:

  • Collected optometrist location data from provincial regulatory bodies.
  • Calculated optometrist-to-population ratios per 10,000 people at the health region level.
  • Utilized Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) data for vision care utilization and 2016 Census data for population need (age, income, education).
  • Employed cross-classification mapping and standard deviation classification to analyze distribution patterns.

Main Results:

  • Included 5959 optometrists across ten provinces; distribution is concentrated in urban areas.
  • National mean ratio was 1.70 optometrists per 10,000 people, with significant variation across 109 health regions.
  • Identified health regions with low optometrist ratios, low utilization, and high proportions of key sociodemographic factors indicating greater need.

Conclusions:

  • Provides a nationwide overview of optometric service distribution in Canada.
  • Highlights significant gaps in geographic availability of optometrists relative to population needs.
  • Findings are crucial for informing workforce planning and policy to improve equitable access to optometric care.