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Design Consideration01:22

Design Consideration

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Designing a structure involves a series of considerations, primarily the material's ultimate strength, calculated through tests that measure changes under increased force until the material reaches its breaking point or limit. The ultimate load, where the material breaks, is divided by its original cross-sectional area, resulting in the ultimate normal stress or strength. The ultimate shearing stress is another significant factor taken into account.
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Scaled hydraulic models of dam spillways provide a practical way to replicate and study the intricate flow dynamics of these structures. Often built to a 1:15 ratio, these models allow for observing critical water behavior, such as velocity distribution, flow patterns, and energy dissipation.
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Design Example: Analyzing Capacity Contours for Flood Risk Assessment01:17

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Flood risk assessment involves careful planning and analysis to ensure the safety of communities near water retention structures. Capacity contours are a vital tool in this process, as they illustrate the potential spread of water at specific levels in a given area. In the context of building a bund across a small valley, these contours play a critical role in evaluating the safety of nearby residential areas.In this example, the bund is intended to store stormwater in the valley. The engineers...
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Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving01:09

Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving

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Designing a solid shaft that transmits power from a motor to a machine tool involves a series of calculations to ensure the shaft can withstand the stresses applied by bending moments and torques. First, calculate the torque exerted on the gear, considering the power transmitted by the shaft and its rotational speed. Following this, compute the tangential forces acting on the gears, which directly relate to the torque and the gear radius.
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Machines: Problem Solving II01:30

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Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.
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Design of Transmission Shafts - Stress Analysis01:15

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Designing a transmission shaft requires a thorough understanding of the stresses induced by bending moments and torques, especially in systems where power is transferred through gears. These forces create force-couple systems at the centers of the shaft's cross-sections, leading to both transverse and torsional loading. Although shearing stresses from transverse loads are typically smaller than those from torques and are often overlooked, the significant normal stresses from these loads...
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A Modeling and Simulation Method for Preliminary Design of an Electro-Variable Displacement Pump
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A six-step model to transform an ergonomic work analysis into design guidelines for engineering projects.

Carolina Souza da Conceição1, Ole Broberg1, Francisco Duarte2

  • 1Department of Management, Engineering Systems Design, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.

Work (Reading, Mass.)
|July 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ergonomic work analysis (EWA) data can be transformed into actionable ergonomic design guidelines (EDG) using a new six-step model. This process helps designers create better work systems by leveraging detailed EWA findings.

Keywords:
Ergonomic design guidelinesergonomic work analysisoff shore oil industryworkspace design

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Area of Science:

  • Ergonomics
  • Human Factors Engineering
  • Industrial Design

Background:

  • Ergonomic work analysis (EWA) provides detailed insights into real-world work systems.
  • This rich data is crucial for designers developing new work systems.
  • Transforming EWA data into designer-friendly guidelines is essential for practical application in engineering design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a structured six-step model for converting EWA outcomes into ergonomic design guidelines (EDG).
  • To facilitate the transfer of operational experiences from EWA into engineering design projects.
  • To provide a method for ergonomists and researchers involved in design projects.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a six-step model based on prior EWA experiences.
  • Application and illustration of the model using a case study from the offshore oil industry.
  • Focus on transforming EWA data into EDG, incorporating characteristic situations and usage settings.

Main Results:

  • The paper details the process of transforming EWA data into EDG via the six-step model.
  • The model effectively structures the conversion of ethnographic data into design recommendations.
  • Key concepts like characteristic situations and settings of usage are integrated into the guideline transformation.

Conclusions:

  • Preliminary testing and designer validation confirm the model's utility.
  • The proposed six-step model successfully transforms EWA into practical and useful EDG.
  • This methodology enhances the impact of EWA on engineering design projects.