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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

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NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
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Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
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A single-hole spin qubit.

N W Hendrickx1, W I L Lawrie2, L Petit2

  • 1QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience, Delft University of Technology, P. O. Box 5046, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands. n.w.hendrickx@tudelft.nl.

Nature Communications
|July 12, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a single-hole spin qubit in germanium, demonstrating fast quantum control and single-shot readout. This breakthrough sets a new benchmark for hole quantum dot qubits, advancing scalable quantum technology.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Computing
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • Quantum dots offer scalable quantum technology due to semiconductor manufacturing compatibility.
  • Hole-based quantum systems show promise for fast and scalable quantum control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Establish a single-hole spin qubit in germanium.
  • Demonstrate integrated single-shot readout and quantum control.

Main Methods:

  • Depletion of a planar germanium double quantum dot to the last hole.
  • Radio-frequency reflectrometry charge sensing for confirmation.
  • Rabi driving for qubit operation and control.

Main Results:

  • Successful establishment of a single-hole spin qubit in germanium.
  • Demonstrated single-shot readout and quantum control capabilities.
  • Achieved remarkable electric control over qubit frequencies for high addressability.
  • Measured spin relaxation time exceeding one millisecond, a new benchmark for hole qubits.

Conclusions:

  • Coherent manipulation of single hole spins in strained germanium is feasible.
  • This work provides a strong foundation for building quantum hardware.
  • Hole spin qubits in germanium are a promising avenue for scalable quantum technology.