Evaluation of renal oxygenization in laparoscopic pediatric surgery by near infrared spectroscopy

Increased intraabdominal pressure IAP may reduce renal blood flow (RBF). The study aims to evaluate the pneumoperitoneum effect on RBF by comparing renal regional oxygen saturation index (rSrO2) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in pediatric patients having laparotomy and laparoscopy.

Of 58 patients having laparoscopy and laparotomy, 18 were excluded due to renal pathologies, combined open surgical procedures, and administration of inotropic drugs. Hemodynamic parameters and rSrO2 were recorded in laparoscopy (n = 20) and laparotomy (n = 20) groups before induction and with 5 min intervals up to 60 min and at post-extubation.

Decrease in right renal rSrO2 at 45th and 60th min and 30th, 45th and 60th min in left were significant in the laparoscopy group compared to laparotomy group. In the laparoscopy group, reductions at T25, T30, T45, and T60 were significant in both renal rSrO2. Renal rSO2 increased to normal with desufflation.

IAP with pneumoperitoneum may lead to renal hypoxia in children. Renal rSO2 returns to normal with desufflation. Renal NIRS monitorization might be needed in patients with renal parenchymal and vascular pathologies, solitary kidney, and multiorgan pathologies that may affect renal oxygenation.