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Immunotherapy in Anal Cancer.
1Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA. Lphuong@montefiore.org.
Current Oncology Reports
|July 12, 2020
Summary
Immunotherapy offers a promising new avenue for treating HPV-associated squamous cell cancer of the anal canal (SCCA). Checkpoint inhibitors like nivolumab and pembrolizumab are effective second-line treatments for metastatic SCCA.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Squamous cell cancer of the anal canal (SCCA) affects 20-30% of patients with locoregional relapse and 10-30% with metastatic disease.
- Over 90% of SCCA cases are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV), suggesting a role for immune-based therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- This review highlights the potential of immunotherapy in managing HPV-associated SCCA.
- To explore novel treatment strategies for this rare malignancy with limited therapeutic options.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on immunotherapy in HPV-associated SCCA.
- Analysis of clinical trial data for single-agent immunotherapies (nivolumab, pembrolizumab).
Main Results:
- Immunotherapy has demonstrated efficacy in extending progression-free and overall survival in various solid tumors, including SCCA.
- Nivolumab and pembrolizumab monotherapy show durable responses and a tolerable side effect profile in metastatic SCCA.
- Current NCCN guidelines recommend nivolumab or pembrolizumab as second-line treatment for metastatic SCCA.
Conclusions:
- Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in treating HPV-associated SCCA.
- Further research into immunotherapy is crucial for improving outcomes in this rare cancer.
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