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Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

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Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
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Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Measuring Ascending Aortic Stiffness In Vivo in Mice Using Ultrasound
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Psychological Wellbeing and Aortic Stiffness: Longitudinal Study.

Ai Ikeda1,2, Andrew Steptoe1, Martin Shipley1

  • 1From the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom (A.I., A.S., M.S., A.S.-M., M.K., E.J.B.).

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)
|July 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher eudaimonic wellbeing, a measure of purpose and meaning, is linked to lower arterial stiffness in older men. This association between wellbeing and cardiovascular health is specific to eudaimonia and sex.

Keywords:
agedassociationbiological factorscardiovascular diseaselongitudinal studies

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Health
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Arterial stiffness, a marker of subclinical cardiovascular disease, progresses with age.
  • Positive psychological wellbeing encompasses affective (emotional) and eudaimonic (purpose-driven) components.
  • Understanding the relationship between wellbeing and cardiovascular health is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between affective and eudaimonic wellbeing and aortic stiffness.
  • To examine how these wellbeing aspects influence the longitudinal change in aortic stiffness.
  • To determine if these associations are sex-specific.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 4754 participants in the Whitehall II cohort study.
  • Assessed affective and eudaimonic wellbeing using the control, autonomy, self-realization and pleasure-19 questionnaire.
  • Measured aortic stiffness via pulse wave velocity (PWV) at baseline and 5-year follow-up, analyzed with linear mixed models.

Main Results:

  • Higher eudaimonic wellbeing was associated with lower baseline aortic stiffness in men (β=-0.100 m/s), independent of other factors, persisting over 5 years.
  • No significant association was found between eudaimonic wellbeing and baseline PWV in women (β=-0.029 m/s).
  • No association was observed between positive wellbeing (affective or eudaimonic) and the change in PWV over time in either sex.

Conclusions:

  • Eudaimonic wellbeing, not affective wellbeing, is associated with lower arterial stiffness in older men.
  • The protective association between wellbeing and cardiovascular health appears to be eudaimonic and sex-specific.
  • These findings highlight the importance of purpose and meaning in maintaining cardiovascular health in aging men.