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Related Concept Videos

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...
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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

A Non-invasive Way to Isolate and Phenotype Cells from the Conjunctiva
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Epidemiological aspects of allergic conjunctivitis.

Dai Miyazaki1, Kazumi Fukagawa2, Shigeki Okamoto3

  • 1Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.

Allergology International : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology
|July 14, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Ocular allergies like rhinoconjunctivitis are rising globally, with high prevalence noted in Africa, Latin America, and Japan. Environmental factors and comorbid conditions significantly influence allergic conjunctivitis incidence and severity.

Keywords:
Allergic conjunctivitisAtopic keratoconjunctivitisEpidemiologyRhinoconjunctivitisVernal keratoconjunctivitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Allergology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Ocular allergies, particularly rhinoconjunctivitis, show increasing global prevalence.
  • Geographical variations in prevalence exist, with specific regions like Africa, Latin America, and Japan identified as hotspots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review regional differences and characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis.
  • To explore contributing factors to the prevalence and severity of ocular allergies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of data from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC).
  • Review of follow-up studies on regional differences and characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Examination of mechanistic aspects through birth cohort and in vitro analyses.

Main Results:

  • Rhinitis is significantly associated with allergic conjunctivitis.
  • Vernal keratoconjunctivitis, a severe form, is prevalent in African countries and Japan.
  • Air pollution is implicated in symptom exacerbation and increased incidence of severe ocular allergies.

Conclusions:

  • Comorbid diseases, socioeconomic, and environmental factors influence regional allergic conjunctivitis prevalence.
  • Air pollution plays a role in the incidence and severity of ocular allergies, especially vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for managing ocular allergy burdens.