Noncoding RNAs in Diabetic Nephropathy: Pathogenesis, Biomarkers, and Therapy

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Science
• Molecular Biology
• Genetics

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus is linked to systemic health issues, with diabetic nephropathy (DN) increasingly prevalent globally.
• Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a primary cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD).
• Current understanding of DN's molecular mechanisms is incomplete, and effective treatments are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathological roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in diabetic nephropathy (DN) progression.
• To explore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of specific ncRNAs in managing DN.
• To summarize current knowledge on microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs in DN pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on noncoding RNAs and diabetic nephropathy.
• Analysis of studies detailing the involvement of ncRNAs in DN-related pathological processes.
• Synthesis of information on the regulatory functions of microRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs in DN.

Main Results:

• Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are implicated in DN pathogenesis by regulating key cellular processes.
• Specific ncRNAs modulate inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and cell proliferation in the context of DN.
• Evidence suggests ncRNAs have potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DN.

Conclusions:

• Noncoding RNAs play significant pathological roles in the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN).
• MicroRNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and circular RNAs represent promising avenues for future DN diagnostics and therapeutics.
• Further research into ncRNA mechanisms is crucial for developing effective DN treatments.