Beta radioactivity of urban surface-deposited sediment in three Russian cities

Study of gross beta activity was conducted in Russian cities Ekaterinburg, Rostov-on-Don, and Nizhny Novgorod. The cities were characterized by continental climate, although they are located in different geographical zones. The bulk urban samples were fractionated with three size fractions: dust (0.002-0.1 mm), fine sand (0.1-1 mm), and coarse sand (> 1 mm). Measurement setup equipped with beta radiometer BDPB-01 was designed to measure the low levels of gross beta-activity in a small amount of the obtained size-fractionated samples. According to the results of the study, the gross beta activity depends on the size fraction and the city. The highest beta activity concentration was found in the dust fraction which is about the same in all cities 0.8-0.9 Bq g^-1. In size fractions of fine sand and coarse sand, the beta activity depends on the city. Among other cities, the highest average beta concentration was found in Ekaterinburg (0.8 and 0.6 Bq g^-1 in fine and coarse sand fractions, respectively), while the lowest is 0.28 and 0.44 Bq g^-1, respectively. The relationship of beta activity concentration with mineral and chemical composition is studied. Average beta activity in the different fractions of the surface-deposited sediment correlates with uranium, thorium, and organic matter concentration. The gross beta activity may be considered an indicator of high contribution of dust and high pollution with Pb, Cu, and Zn in the urban environment.