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Should we overcome the resistance to bioelectrical impedance in heart failure?

Stephen J Hankinson1, Charles H Williams1, Van-Khue Ton1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD, USA.

Expert Review of Medical Devices
|July 14, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Bioelectrical impedance methods offer a noninvasive way to monitor body composition changes in heart failure patients. Further research is needed, but lung impedance shows promise for guiding treatment and improving outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Heart failure (HF) is linked to neurohormonal activation, causing detrimental changes in body composition.
  • These changes include fluid overload, loss of muscle mass, reduced body fat, and decreased bone density.
  • Bioelectrical impedance (BI) is a technique that assesses body composition by measuring electrical current flow through body fluids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current evidence on bioelectrical impedance monitoring strategies in heart failure.
  • To evaluate the potential of various BI techniques in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of HF.
  • To identify areas for future research and clinical application of BI in HF management.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus databases up to June 2020.
  • Included studies encompassed cross-sectional, retrospective, prospective observational studies, and randomized controlled trials.
  • Reviewed BI monitoring strategies included intrathoracic impedance, lung impedance, bioelectrical impedance vector analysis, leg BI, and thoracic bioreactance.

Main Results:

  • Multiple BI monitoring strategies have been investigated for their utility in heart failure.
  • Lung impedance demonstrated potential utility in guiding HF treatment, particularly in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients.
  • Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis and other BI methods showed varied applications in HF assessment.

Conclusions:

  • While promising, further studies are required to fully validate bioelectrical impedance techniques in heart failure.
  • Lung impedance shows potential for improving outcomes in outpatient HF management.
  • Bioelectrical impedance offers a noninvasive, quantitative tool for heart failure research, including population studies.
Abstract

Keywords:
Bioelectrical impedancebioelectrical impedance vector analysisbioimpedancebioreactanceheart failureintrathoracic impedanceleg bioelectrical impedancelung impedance

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