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Diatoms, rich in bioactive compounds, show potent anti-cancer properties. Their unique biosilica structure offers a safe and effective nanocarrier for targeted cancer drug delivery.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Cancer remains a leading global cause of mortality, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Diatoms are unicellular algae abundant in minerals and bioactive compounds with demonstrated anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial activities.
  • Diatoms play a crucial role in biogeochemical cycles due to their rapid growth and high yield.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the anti-cancer activities of diatoms.
  • To explore the potential of diatoms and their biosilica as drug delivery systems for cancer therapy.
  • To discuss the use of diatoms as carriers for antibodies and vitamin B12 in drug delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on diatom bioactivity and applications in cancer therapy.
  • Analysis of diatom biosilica properties relevant to drug delivery (surface area, porosity, biocompatibility).
  • Examination of in vivo studies assessing the safety of diatom-based nanocarriers.

Main Results:

  • Diatoms possess bioactive compounds with significant anti-cancer potential.
  • Diatom biosilica exhibits favorable characteristics for nanocarrier applications, including high surface area, nano-porosity, and biocompatibility.
  • In vivo studies indicate no significant tissue damage, supporting the safety of diatom-based nanocarriers.

Conclusions:

  • Diatoms represent a promising source of anti-cancer agents.
  • Diatom biosilica is a viable and safe nanocarrier for targeted delivery of anti-cancer drugs.
  • Diatom-based systems, including antibody and vitamin B12 conjugates, hold potential in nanomedicine for cancer treatment.