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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
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Olfactory Training for Postviral Olfactory Dysfunction: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Nrusheel Kattar1, Triet M Do2, Graham D Unis3

  • 1Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, Queensland, USA.

Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery : Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
|July 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Olfactory training (OT) significantly improves outcomes for post-viral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD). This meta-analysis confirms OT

Keywords:
COVID-19anosmiameta-analysisolfactory dysfunctionolfactory trainingpostviral olfactory dysfunctionsystematic reviewviral infection

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neurology
  • Evidence-based Medicine

Background:

  • Olfactory dysfunction is a common sequela of upper respiratory infections.
  • Postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD) presents significant clinical challenges due to its prolonged nature.
  • Olfactory training (OT) shows promise for general olfactory dysfunction but requires specific evaluation for PVOD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of olfactory training (OT) as a treatment for postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD).
  • To conduct a pooled analysis of existing evidence to determine the effectiveness of OT for PVOD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Inclusion of studies assessing OT efficacy for PVOD, excluding other olfactory loss causes or pharmacologic treatments.
  • Meta-analysis of data from 16 full-text articles, focusing on Sniffin' Sticks olfactory testing (TDI scores).

Main Results:

  • All included studies reported clinically significant improvements (TDI score increase >5.5) following OT.
  • Meta-analysis revealed a 2.77-fold higher odds (95% CI, 1.67-4.58) of achieving clinically important TDI score differences in patients receiving OT compared to controls.
  • Significant heterogeneity was observed in OT protocols used across studies.

Conclusions:

  • Meta-analysis supports olfactory training (OT) as an effective treatment for postviral olfactory dysfunction (PVOD).
  • Optimization of OT protocols may further enhance treatment outcomes.
  • Current evidence supports the use of OT for both existing and emerging cases of PVOD.