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Gram-negative Bacterial Protein Secretion Systems01:17

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Gram-negative bacteria utilize sophisticated protein secretion systems to transport proteins across their double-membrane envelope into the extracellular environment or host cells. Based on their mechanism of action, these systems are classified into one-step and two-step pathways.One-Step Secretion Systems (Types I, III, IV, and VI)One-step secretion systems bypass the periplasm entirely, forming a continuous channel that spans both the inner and outer membranes:Type I Secretion System (T1SS):...
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Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...
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Secretory vesicles, also known as dense core vesicles (DCVs), are membrane-bound vesicles that transport secretory proteins, such as hormones or neurotransmitters. Regulated secretory vesicles transport proteins from the trans-Golgi network to the exterior of the cell. Proteins present in regulated secretory vesicles are required to be rapidly exocytosed in large amounts upon a specific stimulus.
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Bacterial conjugation is a mechanism of horizontal gene transfer that enables the exchange of genetic material between bacterial cells through direct contact. This process is facilitated by a donor cell carrying a conjugative plasmid, which encodes genes necessary for pilus formation, DNA replication, and transfer. The conjugative plasmid plays a central role in initiating and executing the transfer of genetic material.The tra region of the conjugative plasmid encodes proteins responsible for...
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Septins are protein filaments forming the cytoskeleton along with the microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and other accessory proteins. In 1971 while studying the cell division cycle in mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Harwell et al. first identified the septin-related genes playing a crucial role in yeast cytokinesis. Fluorescence microscopy revealed that these proteins localize at the budding neck as rings. These ring-like proteins were then named Septins by John Pringle, and...
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Intracellular bacteria and viruses often comprise a group of highly infectious pathogens that can cause several diseases. Bacterial pathogens include those belonging to the genus Rickettsia responsible for conditions such as rocky mountain spotted fever and the Mediterranean spotted fever; Chlamydia, a genus responsible for a sexually transmitted disease; Coxiella burnetii, an agent responsible for Q fever. Viral pathogens include vaccinia—a poxvirus, and herpes simplex virus—a...
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Structure and Function of the Mycobacterial Type VII Secretion Systems.

Catalin M Bunduc1, W Bitter1,2, E N G Houben1

  • 1Section of Molecular Microbiology, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;

Annual Review of Microbiology
|July 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Mycobacteria use type VII secretion systems (T7SSs) to transport proteins essential for survival and virulence. Recent studies reveal T7SS structure and function, offering new therapeutic targets for mycobacterial diseases.

Keywords:
mycobacteriastructural biologytuberculosistype VII secretion

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Bacteria utilize specialized secretion systems to transport molecules across cell envelopes.
  • Mycobacterial type VII secretion systems (T7SSs) are critical for various functions, including virulence and immune evasion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding the structure and mechanism of mycobacterial T7SSs.
  • To highlight the potential of T7SSs as therapeutic targets for mycobacterial diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic studies
  • Structural analyses
  • Functional investigations

Main Results:

  • Elucidation of the structural basis of T7SS protein secretion.
  • Insights into the mechanistic details of T7SS functioning.
  • Identification of T7SSs as essential for mycobacterial growth and/or virulence.

Conclusions:

  • Recent research has significantly advanced our understanding of mycobacterial T7SS structure and mechanism.
  • The essential roles of T7SSs in mycobacteria present promising opportunities for novel drug development.