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Peatland warming strongly increases fine-root growth.

Avni Malhotra1,2, Deanne J Brice3,2, Joanne Childs3,2

  • 1Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37830; avnim@stanford.edu.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Climate warming significantly boosts fine-root growth in peatlands, especially for shrubs. This response, linked to longer growing seasons and drying soils, may drive peatland shrubification and impact carbon cycling.

Keywords:
belowground plant responseelevated carbon dioxideexperimental warmingfine rootspeatland

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Area of Science:

  • Earth System Science
  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Research

Background:

  • Belowground responses to climate change are crucial for Earth system understanding.
  • Plant fine roots are key indicators of environmental change, influencing nutrient, water, and carbon cycles.
  • Northern peatlands, vital carbon sinks, have poorly understood fine-root responses to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate fine-root responses to experimental warming in a northern peatland ecosystem.
  • To quantify the impact of varying temperature increases (+2°C to +9°C) on fine-root growth.
  • To explore the relationship between soil moisture, temperature, and fine-root productivity.

Main Methods:

  • A whole-ecosystem peatland experiment was conducted with controlled warming treatments.
  • Fine-root growth was measured over two growing seasons under different temperature regimes.
  • Statistical analysis correlated fine-root growth with soil temperature and moisture levels.

Main Results:

  • Warming significantly increased fine-root growth, with the warmest treatment showing over a tenfold increase.
  • Shrubs exhibited a stronger fine-root growth response to warming than trees or graminoids.
  • Fine-root growth increased linearly with soil temperature, and an extended growing season contributed to this increase.

Conclusions:

  • Warming and drying soils can stimulate rapid and substantial shrub fine-root growth in peatlands.
  • This mechanism may explain the observed 'shrubification' of northern peatlands under global change.
  • These findings have significant implications for peatland carbon cycling and ecosystem dynamics.