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Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection in fish.

Shun Maekawa1,2,3, Yi-Ting Wang1, Terutoyo Yoshida4

  • 1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.

Journal of Fish Diseases
|July 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (GCSD) causes significant economic losses in fish aquaculture and poses clinical risks to humans. This review summarizes current knowledge on GCSD in teleosts, covering its impact and research advancements.

Keywords:
StreptococcusGroup C Streptococcus dysgalactiaeimmune responsesvaccine

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Microbiology
  • Aquatic Animal Health
  • Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

  • Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (GCSD) is a Gram-positive bacterium with Lancefield group C antigen.
  • GCSD infections are prevalent in various vertebrates, notably causing economic losses in global fish aquaculture.
  • Clinical isolates of GCSD from fish have been linked to human cellulitis cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on GCSD infections in teleosts.
  • To highlight the increasing economic and clinical significance of GCSD in aquaculture, livestock, and human health.
  • To consolidate research findings on GCSD pathogenesis, characterization, immune responses, and vaccine development in fish.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on GCSD in teleosts from 2002 to present.
  • Synthesis of information on GCSD isolation, identification, and characterization in fish.
  • Compilation of data on pathogenesis, host immune responses, and vaccine development strategies.

Main Results:

  • GCSD is a significant pathogen in farmed fish, leading to substantial economic losses worldwide.
  • Evidence links GCSD fish isolates to human infections, emphasizing its zoonotic potential.
  • Ongoing research addresses GCSD pathogenesis, diagnostics, and potential control measures, including vaccines.

Conclusions:

  • GCSD represents a growing concern for fish health, aquaculture sustainability, and public health.
  • Further research is crucial for understanding GCSD epidemiology and developing effective interventions.
  • The One Health approach is essential for managing GCSD across animal and human populations.