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Updated: Dec 15, 2025
Examination of Host Phenotypes in Gambusia affinis Following Antibiotic Treatment
Published on: February 22, 2017
Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection in fish
Shun Maekawa1,2,3, Yi-Ting Wang1, Terutoyo Yoshida4
1Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.
Abstract:
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (GCSD) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium and mostly non-β-haemolytic with Lancefield group C antigen. GCSD infection has been identified in various vertebrates. From 2002 to the present, GCSD infection of fish has been reported to cause severe economic losses in aquaculture farms around the world. Moreover, GCSD isolates from teleosts have been identified in patients with ascending upper limb cellulitis. Therefore, the economic and clinical significance of GCSD has increased in aquaculture, livestock and human health. Many studies have been presented, from the first report of isolated GCSD in fish, to the pathogenesis, characterization, immune responses and vaccine development. In this review, we present the current knowledge of GCSD in teleosts.
