Cerebral palsy: Aetiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions

Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common non-progressive neurodevelopmental disorder in which the impairment of motor and posture functions occurs. This condition may be present in many different clinical spectra. Various aetiological and risk factors play a crucial role in the causation of CP. In various cases, the causes of CP may not be apparent. Interruption in the supply of oxygen to the fetus or brain asphyxia was considered to be the main causative factor explaining CP. Antenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors could be involved in the origin of CP. Understanding its pathophysiology is also crucial for developing preventive and protective strategies. A major advancement in the brain stimulation techniques has emerged as a promising status in diagnostic and interventional approaches. This review provides a brief explanation about the various aetiological factors, pathophysiology, and recent therapeutic approaches in the treatment of cerebral palsy.