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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 15, 2025

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Age-Related Differences in Emoji Evaluation.

Martin Weiß1, Dariana Bille1, Johannes Rodrigues1

  • 1Department of Psychology I: Differential Psychology, Personality Psychology, and Psychological Diagnostics, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg , Würzburg, Germany.

Experimental Aging Research
|July 15, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults show age-related differences in classifying emoji emotions, with a positivity bias trend only in classical smileys. Other emojis were associated with negative valence as age increased.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Emotion processing is central to psychological research, with interindividual differences noted.
  • Age-related neurological changes influence emotion perception, attention, memory, and decision-making.
  • Increasing age is linked to more positive evaluations of emotional information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate age-related differences in processing artificial emotional faces (emojis).
  • Determine if age impacts the perception and classification of emoji emotions.

Main Methods:

  • 170 participants evaluated 13 selected emojis for their ability to represent target emotions.
  • Exploratory factor analysis identified a two-factorial structure (positive and negative valence).
  • Multilevel model analysis examined the association between age and valence factor scores.

Main Results:

  • A two-factorial structure (positive/negative valence) emerged for most emoji ratings.
  • Higher age correlated with increased negative valence factor scores compared to positive valence.
  • A positivity bias trend was observed only for the classical smiley emoji with increasing age.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related differences in emotion classification exist, even for artificial stimuli like emojis.
  • While a classical smiley showed a positivity bias trend in older adults, other emojis were perceived with increasing negative valence.
  • The study highlights nuanced age-specific effects on processing digital emotional expressions.