The Effect of Hypothyroidism on Bone Loss at Dental Implants

Hypothyroidism (HT) is an endocrine disorder characterized by abnormally reduced thyroid gland activity and is most commonly of autoimmune etiology. HT is associated with alterations in bone metabolism, and HT patients typically experience decreased bone resorption. The objective of this study was to use dental implants as standardized reference markers to compare the extent of alveolar bone loss in implant patients with and without HT. We examined medical and dental history records and radiographic data from 635 patients receiving 1480 implants during 2000-2017. The rate of bone loss was calculated from differences in radiographic bone levels over time, corrected for radiographic distortion. Peri-implant bone loss from patients with HT was significantly lower than for those without HT (t1252= -3.42; 95% confidence interval= 0.47-1.73; P < .001; M = 0.53 and 1.63 mm/yr, respectively). A similar relationship persisted after excluding smokers and diabetics and after additionally excluding those on systemic steroids, hormone replacement therapy, hormone medications, or autoimmune diseases other than HT. Our data suggest that patients with HT have a decreased rate of bone loss around dental implants and may not be at increased risk for dental implant failure. The decreased bone metabolic rate among patients with HT might contribute to those findings.