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High Mobility Group Box 1 in Human Cancer
Bernardo L Rapoport1,2, Helen C Steel1, Annette J Theron1
1Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
Cells
|July 16, 2020
Summary
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein that promotes inflammation when released outside cells. Excessive HMGB1 contributes to cancer development and progression by exacerbating inflammation and immunosuppression.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is primarily a nuclear protein crucial for genomic stability.
- Extracellular HMGB1 acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine, influencing innate immune responses.
- Its role shifts from nuclear function to extracellular signaling under cellular stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the dual role of HMGB1 in cellular function and inflammatory signaling.
- To explore the contribution of HMGB1 to tumorigenesis and cancer progression.
- To discuss the prognostic significance of HMGB1 in the tumor microenvironment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent research on HMGB1.
- Analysis of HMGB1's posttranslational modifications and cellular translocation.
- Examination of HMGB1's involvement in inflammation and cancer development.
Main Results:
- Extracellular HMGB1 triggers inflammatory responses at sites of tissue injury.
- Chronic, excessive HMGB1 production fuels inflammation and contributes to all stages of tumorigenesis.
- Tumor-derived HMGB1 can worsen inflammation-related immunosuppression in established cancers.
Conclusions:
- HMGB1 plays a critical role in orchestrating inflammation-driven tumorigenesis.
- Elevated HMGB1 expression in the tumor microenvironment has prognostic potential.
- Understanding HMGB1's pro-tumorigenic mechanisms is key for therapeutic strategies.
Keywords:
T regulatory cellsToll-like receptorscytokinesimmunosuppressionmyeloid-derived suppressor cellsprognostic factorreceptor for advanced glycation end-productsredox isoformstumor microenvironmenttumorigenesisMore Related Videos
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