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Venous Thromboembolism in Children: From Diagnosis to Management

Giuseppe Lassandro1, Viviana Valeria Palmieri1, Valentina Palladino1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Paediatric Section, University of Bari "A. Moro", 701024 Bari, Italy.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
|July 16, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasing due to chronic conditions and medical devices. Current treatments include heparins and vitamin K antagonists, with new oral anticoagulants in trials.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Vascular Medicine
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • Pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increasingly recognized, influenced by factors like improved survival in chronic conditions, indwelling catheters, and enhanced diagnostics.
  • Risk factors for VTE in children encompass inherited thrombophilias and acquired conditions including cardiovascular disease, infections, chronic illnesses, obesity, and malignancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the underlying physiological and pathological mechanisms of pediatric thrombosis.
  • To provide an updated overview of current diagnostic and treatment strategies for pediatric VTE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of physiological and pathological mechanisms of pediatric thrombosis.
  • Synthesis of current diagnostic approaches for VTE in children.
  • Analysis of established and emerging treatment options for pediatric VTE.

Main Results:

  • Increased incidence of pediatric VTE linked to medical advancements and specific risk factors.
  • Established treatments involve heparins and vitamin K antagonists to prevent clot extension and recurrence.
  • Ongoing clinical trials are evaluating direct oral anticoagulants for improved patient compliance and care.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the complex etiology of pediatric VTE is crucial for effective management.
  • Current anticoagulation therapies are effective, but newer agents promise enhanced patient outcomes.
  • Further research and clinical trials are essential to optimize the care of children with VTE.

Keywords:
diagnosispaediatricsrisk factorsthrombosistreatment

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